Italy
- How it buys
- 21 regional health systems. Device tenders are often run by regional purchasing bodies, with hospitals buying directly for smaller needs.
- Pressure
- The device payback (art. 9-ter, DL 78/2015) was upheld by the Constitutional Court in rulings 139 and 140, with company payments for 2015–2018 cut to 48%. TAR Lazio rulings in 2026 confirmed it. [12]
- Compliance
- Law 62/2022 creates Sanità Trasparente, a public register of transfers of value to healthcare professionals. At the last public update the platform was ready but not live. [13]
- Signal
- Italy hosted some of the first European Stealth AXiS cases in September 2026. [2]
- Calendar
- SIO 113th national congress, Rome, 19–22 May 2027. AOOI national meeting every autumn, the latest in Venice on 21–22 September 2026. [10] [11]
Where I would start: university hospitals with combined ENT and neurosurgery skull-base programmes, then the high-volume sinus centres.